Journal Title:International Journal of Health Science (IJHS) Initials: IJHS Frequency: March, July, November Print ISSN: 2827-959X Online ISSN:2827-9603 Editor in Chief: Aufa Rizka Azzumi, S.E.,M.A DOI: 10.55606 Publisher: Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen International Journal of Health Science (IJHS) is a peer-reviewed international journal that publishes practices, ideas, and research in all health and nursing science or practice fields from a global viewpoint.This journal is SINTA 5 accredited (Decree of the Director General of Higher Education, Research and Technology Number 10/C/C3/DT.05.00/2025 dated March 21, 2025 concerning the Accreditation Rating of Scientific Journals for Period I of 2025) starting from Volume 2 Number 2 of 2022 to Volume 7 Number 1 of 2027. The International Journal of Health Science (IJHS) aims at highlighting evidence on Surgical Medical Practice, Pharmacy, Maternity, Child Health, Mental Health, Dental, Medical Education, Midwifery, Medicine and Nursing, Health Policy and Management, Community Nutrition, Environmental Health, Epidemiology, Reproductive Health, Health Promotion, Occupational Safety & Health, Other Health Professions to a global audience. The International Journal of Health Science (IJHS) publishes three times a year (in March, July, November). IJHS welcomes submissions of original research, theory and concept development, perspectives, letters to the editors, research methodology papers, study protocols, nursing philosophy papers, case studies, and guest editorials on various clinical and professional health and nursing topics. We also welcome "negative" results (i.e., studies that do not demonstrate a hypothesized difference or relationship). Discussion papers that focus on the concerns and challenges confronting health care in a particular nation are encouraged, as long as the discussion is supported by research. The authors are writing to both a global and a local audience. IJHS publishes most publications in health and nursing science or practice. There are no restrictions on authorship, as long as publications meet the stated objectives and scopes, particularly regarding consequences for health and nursing science or practice. IJHS's intended readership includes health scientists and nurses from all spheres and levels who are committed to advancing practice and professional development through the application of new knowledge and evidence, such as managers and senior members of the health and nursing professions; health and nurse educators as well as students; and researchers from other disciplines with interest in common issues and inter-disciplinary collaboration. Indexed by: Journal Sponsors and Partners :
The Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Depression and Anxiety among Postpartum Mothers in Semarang
Mothers often face psychological issues during the postpartum phase, such as depression and anxiety, which can impact the health and development of their children. Complementary therapy in the form of progressive muscle reactivity (PMR) is a non-pharmacological strategy to reduce depression and anxiety. The purpose of this study was to investigate how progressive muscle reactivity affects postpartum maternal anxiety and grief in two community health centers (Puskesmas) and several hospitals in Semarang City. Using a quantitative approach, this research design captured pre-installation and post-installation patterns. Purposive sampling was used to select 50 respondents for the study sample. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to measure depression, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) was used to measure anxiety. The Wilcoxon test was used to analyze the data. Based on the results of the progressive muscle reactivity technique, there was a significant decrease in depression and anxiety (p = 0.0005, p < 0.05). Seventy-six percent indicated that their anxiety had reached a satisfactory level, while 36 percent indicated that their decisions had decreased. Thus, it can be said that progressive muscular connection makes people more resilient and reduces anxiety. In medical settings, this treatment is recommended as a complementary intervention to improve patients' psychological well-being.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal Of Health Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Radiological Evaluation of Dacryocystitis in Children Using CT-Scan
Dacryocystitis is an inflammation of the lacrimal sac resulting from nasolacrimal duct obstruction, which interferes with tear drainage and leads to secondary infection. It commonly occurs in children and individuals over 40 years old, characterized by pain, redness, and swelling in the medial canthus area. This study aims to evaluate radiological findings of dacryocystitis in a child using Computed Tomography (CT) Scan as the main diagnostic modality. The descriptive case study involved a six-year-old girl with right eye pain and swelling for seven days before hospitalization. Physical examination revealed swelling, hyperemia, and tenderness in the right lower eyelid. Orbital CT-scan showed a hypodense lesion in the right inferior orbital region extending to the inferior canaliculus and proximal lacrimal sac, with periorbital swelling confirming dacryocystitis. Follow-up imaging demonstrated lesion enlargement, indicating progressive inflammation. The patient received antibiotic and supportive therapy, leading to clinical improvement after treatment. CT-scan examination proved essential in confirming diagnosis, assessing inflammation severity, and guiding appropriate treatment planning.
The Relationship between Nutritional Behavior and Dietary Patterns and the Incidence of Chronic Energy Deficiency in Pregnant Women in the Work Area of Sendana II Health Center in 2025
Background: Chronic energy deficiency (CED) is one of the nutritional problems often faced by pregnant women, especially in developing countries. CED can have serious impacts on maternal and fetal health, including the risk of complications during pregnancy, premature birth and stunted fetal growth. CED is a condition where a person suffers from chronic food shortages characterized by an upper arm circumference (MUAC) <23.5 cm, resulting in health problems. Objective: To determine the relationship between nutritional behavior and dietary patterns with the incidence of chronic energy deficiency (CED) in pregnant women in the working area of Sendana II Health Center in 2025. Method: The type of research used in this study is a cross-sectional study, and uses the Slovin formula to determine the minimum sample size. Results: Based on the Chi-square analysis , it shows that nutritional behavior and eating patterns each show a value of p = 0.002 (p <0.05) and p = 0.000 (p <0.005), meaning that there is a relationship between nutritional behavior and eating patterns and the incidence of chronic energy deficiency (CED) in pregnant women at the Sendana II Community Health Center in 2025. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between nutritional behavior and eating patterns and the incidence of chronic energy deficiency (CED) in the work area of the Sendana II Community Health Center in 2025 .
Community Collective Engagement: Developing a Decision Model to Increase Intention in Early Detection of Cervical Cancer
Early detection of cervical cancer is crucial in reducing mortality from this disease. Despite widespread health education, community participation in screening remains low, primarily due to stigma and social taboos. Aim: This study aims to develop a decision-making model based on women's collective involvement in Posyandu (Integrated Health Post) to increase their intention to undergo early cervical cancer screening. Methods: Using a mixed-methods approach, this study involved 200 respondents from various Posyandus within the Community Health Center coverage area. The model was developed through three stages: Formulation of a basic conceptual framework, Development of a measurement strategy, and Validation through surveys and in-depth interviews. Data analysis was conducted using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the assistance of AMOS software. Results: The results indicate that collective involvement has a significant influence on intention, and the developed model demonstrated good statistical fit. Conclusion: This study contributes to the development of engagement theory in a community context and provides strategic recommendations for improving community well-being through early cervical cancer detection.
Physicochemical Characterization and Heavy Metal Contents of Stingless Bee Honey (Trigona itama) from Bekalar Village, Riau
Honey is a natural product rich in simple sugars and minor bioactive constituents and is widely recognised for its antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing activities. Stingless bee honey from Trigona itama has become increasingly relevant in Southeast Asia due to its distinctive physicochemical profile and its high content of phenolics and flavonoids, which contribute to functional properties compared with conventional Apis dorsata honey. Despite its growing economic and scientific importance, standardized data on the quality and safety of Trigona itama from specific local environments in Indonesia remain limited. This study evaluated the physicochemical characteristics and heavy metal content of Trigona itama honey originating from Bekalar Village, Siak Regency, Riau, and assessed the quality standards of honey with Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 8664:2018 for honey. A descriptive laboratory design was employed, and honey samples from managed colonies were analysed for moisture, acidity ash content, viscosity, and heavy metal content of Pb, Cd, Hg, and As using validated analytical procedures. The honey demonstrated a moisture content of 28.39 ± 0.03%, acidity content 30.90± 4,74 mLNaOH/Kg, ash content of 0.073 ± 0.03% b/b, viscosity of 68,44 ± 0,725 poise. Heavy metal concentrations were low, with Pb < 0.22 mg/kg, Cd < 0.01 mg/kg, Hg < 0.002 mg/kg, and As < 0.30 mg/kg. These findings confirm that Trigona itama honey from Bekalar village is safe and compositionally consistent with typical stingless bee honey due to Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 8664:2018 for honey, although its high moisture content underscores the need for improved post-harvest handling to support stability and compliance with national quality requirements.
Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal Of Health Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Correlation Between Feeding Parenting Practices and Infectious Diseases with The Incidence of Stunting Among Children Aged 24–59 Months (in The Working Area of Lampihong Public Health Center)
Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem that remains a public health challenge. The prevalence of stunting in the working area of Lampihong Health Center in 2024 was 21.05%This study aimed to analyze the relationship between feeding parenting practices and infectious diseases with the incidence of stunting among children aged 24–59 months. This study was an analytic observational study using a cross-sectional design. The population consisted of all children aged 24–59 months in the working area of Lampihong Health Center, with a sample of 87 children. Data were collected through anthropometric measurements, interviews using the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ), and assessment of infectious disease history. Data analysis was conducted using the chi-square test with a 95% confidence level. The results showed that the prevalence of stunting was 37.9%. Most children were aged 24–35 months (57.5%) and were male (63.2%). Appropriate feeding practices were identified in 55.2% of respondents, while 65.5% of children had a history of infectious diseases. Bivariate analysis demonstrated a significant association between feeding parenting practices and stunting (p < 0.001), as well as between a history of infectious diseases and stunting (p < 0.001). It was concluded that inappropriate feeding parenting practices and infectious diseases play a significant role in the occurrence of stunting among children aged 24–59 months. It is expected that health workers will be more active in addressing the stunting problem by improving health education activities and conducting regular growth monitoring at posyandu.
The Relationship of Self Efficacy Breastfeeding with Exclusive Breastfeeding in the Working Area of the Bunut Health Center in 2025
Breast milk is the best source of nutrition for infants from birth, providing complete nutrients essential for growth, brain development, and immunity. Exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months has been proven to reduce the risk of infectious diseases, prevent malnutrition, and decrease child mortality rates. However, exclusive breastfeeding coverage remains suboptimal. Globally, the breastfeeding coverage rate in 2024 reached only 48%, while in Indonesia it was 67.96%, which is still far below the national target of 80%. In Lampung Province, coverage was 76.40%, while in the Bunut Health Center area, it was only 60%. A preliminary study showed that only 30% of mothers practiced exclusive breastfeeding, while 70% did not, mainly due to perceived low milk production and frequent infant fussiness. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between Breastfeeding Self-efficacy and Exclusive Breastfeeding practices. This research employed a quantitative analytic design with a cohort approach. The population included all 34 breastfeeding mothers with infants aged five months in the Bunut Health Center working area, with the sample selected using total sampling. The study was conducted in July–August 2025. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed bivariately with the chi-square test. The results showed that 18 mothers (52.9%) had high breastfeeding self-efficacy, and 22 respondents (64.7%) did not practice exclusive breastfeeding. A significant relationship was found between breastfeeding self-efficacy and exclusive breastfeeding (p-value = 0.024; OR = 8,750). Suggestions for mothers are to increase their breastfeeding confidence by actively participating in breastfeeding support groups and involving their husbands for support. For the Health Center, it is recommended to optimize lactation counseling focused on psychological empowerment (self-efficacy) and establish peer support groups to share breastfeeding success stories.
The Relationship Between Family Support and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy at Dr. Adhyatma Regional General Hospital, MPH, Central Java
Breast cancer is a disease that occurs when cells in the breast tissue begin to grow and divide uncontrollably, forming lumps or masses. Chemotherapy causes various side effects that reduce the quality of life of patients. Family support plays an important role in improving the quality of life of breast cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between family support and quality of life in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at RSUD dr. Adhyatma, MPH Central Java. The type of research used was quantitative non-experimental with a cross-sectional approach. The sample in this study was 38 respondents determined by purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used the Spearman rank test. Most respondents received good family support (57.9%), the quality of life of respondents was quite good (55.3%). There was a significant relationship between family support and quality of life in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at RSUD dr. Adhyatma, MPH (p-value 0.000) with a correlation coefficient value of 0.569. Families are expected to provide insight into the importance of family support in the quality of life of cancer patients, especially those undergoing chemotherapy.
The Relationship between Knowledge of Cervical Cancer and the Motivation of Women of Reproductive Age to Undergo Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) at the Payangan Community Health Cente
Cervical cancer remains a major public health problem and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality among women in Indonesia. Early detection through Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) is an effective and feasible screening method at the primary health care level. However, the coverage of VIA screening among women of reproductive age (WRA) remains low. Knowledge is considered an important predisposing factor that may influence women's motivation to undergo VIA screening. This study aimed to analyze the association between cervical cancer knowledge and motivation to undergo VIA screening among women of reproductive age. This study employed a quantitative analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 105 women of reproductive age were recruited using consecutive sampling at the Payangan Community Health Center, Gianyar Regency, Indonesia. Data were collected using validated and reliable structured questionnaires measuring cervical cancer knowledge and motivation to undergo VIA screening. Univariate analysis was performed to describe respondent characteristics, while bivariate analysis using the chi-square test was applied to examine the association between knowledge and motivation at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that 61.9% of respondents had good knowledge of cervical cancer, while 52.4% demonstrated low motivation to undergo VIA screening. A statistically significant association was found between cervical cancer knowledge and motivation to undergo VIA screening (p = 0.043). Women with higher levels of knowledge tend to have greater motivation to participate in VIA screening. In conclusion, cervical cancer knowledge is significantly associated with motivation to undergo VIA screening among women of reproductive age. These findings suggest that strengthening health education interventions at primary health care facilities is essential to enhance motivation and increase participation in early cervical cancer detection programs.
The Influence of Health Education Using Animated Video Media on Mothers' Knowledge About Developmental Stimulation of Toddlers Aged 36-60 Months at Nurul Huda PAUD, Karangbesuki, Sukun District, Malang City
Mothers' knowledge about toddler development is very important because it can affect the way they provide stimulation to toddlers. Based on the results of a preliminary study through interviews with mothers of toddlers at PAUD Nurul Huda, it was found that 6 out of 11 mothers said they did not know about stimulation and had never received information about developmental stimulation in toddlers. One effort to improve mothers' knowledge is to provide health education using animated videos about developmental stimulation in toddlers. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of health education using animated video media on mothers' knowledge about developmental stimulation in toddlers aged 36-60 months. The research design was a pre-experimental study with a one group pre-test post-test approach, with a population of 33 mothers, with sampling using a total sampling technique with a total of 33 mothers who had toddlers aged 36-60 months. The research instrument used a questionnaire and also media in the form of animated videos. Before the intervention was given, most (72.7%) mothers had sufficient knowledge, after the intervention was given, most (78.8%) mothers had good knowledge. Bivariate analysis using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, and obtained a ρ-value of 0.000 < (ɑ = 0.05). The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant influence of health education using animated videos on mothers' knowledge about stimulating the development of toddlers aged 36-60 months at PAUD Nurul Huda.
Literature Review: Evaluation of the Performance of the Pharmacy Management Information System (SIM-Farmasi) Using the HOT-Fit Model
Introduction: The use of information technology has become a necessity and an increasing demand for public service providers, including hospital pharmacy departments. The pharmacy department plays a vital role in supporting patient recovery through the provision of pharmaceutical services oriented toward patient and community needs. To enhance service quality, an effective management information system is required. SIM Farmasi (Pharmacy Management Information System) is designed to improve drug distribution management, ensure medicine availability according to patient needs, and support accurate inventory control. This study applied the HOT-Fit model to evaluate the performance of SIM Farmasi in hospital pharmaceutical services. Methods: This study employed a literature review method by collecting and analyzing previous research articles selected based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The selected studies were evaluated and synthesized to strengthen the theoretical foundation, identify knowledge gaps, and support the development of a conceptual framework. Results and Discussion: The effectiveness of SIM Farmasi implementation is strongly influenced by human factors (staff competence and training), organizational factors (management support and standard operating procedures), and technological factors (system quality and data accuracy). Major challenges include limited human resource skills, inadequate system features, and weak organizational policies. Continuous training, system enhancement, and strengthened management commitment are therefore essential to optimize system performance. Conclusion: Overall, the HOT-Fit evaluation indicates that the implementation of SIM Farmasi has not yet been optimal. The main obstacles include insufficient staff training, weak management support, and data accuracy issues within the system.
Characteristics of Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis Treated With Total Knee Arthroplasty and Conservative Treatment at Kustati Islamic General Hospital Surakarta From January 2024 to September 2025
This study aims to research the characteristics of patients with knee osteoarthritis who received total knee arthroplasty and conservative treatment at Kustati Islamic General Hospital from January 2024 to September 2025. This research uses the cross-sectional retrospective approach with the descriptive method. The research subjects comprise patients with knee osteoarthritis who have undergone total knee arthroplasty at Kustati Islamic General Hospital from January 2024 to September 2025, as well as those who have received conservative treatment during the same timeframe at Kustati Islamic General Hospital. The majority of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty were female (75.79%) and belonged to the age range of 56-65 years (52.6%). The Body Mass Index of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty predominantly falls within the overweight category, comprising 42.1% of the population. The majority of patients receiving conservative treatment were female (80.76%). Additionally, the age group of 56-65 years constituted 39.4%. The majority of patients with knee osteoarthritis undergoing total knee arthroplasty and conservative therapy are female, predominantly aged 56 to 65 years. The body mass index of individuals undergoing total knee arthroplasty predominantly falls within the overweight category.
Factors Associated with Baby Blues Syndrome among Postpartum Mothers at a Maternal and Child Hospital in Indonesia
The postpartum period is a critical transitional phase that involves substantial physical recovery and psychological adaptation for mothers following childbirth. During this period, many women experience emotional disturbances, one of the most common being baby blues syndrome. Baby blues syndrome is characterized by mood swings, tearfulness, anxiety, irritability, and emotional instability that typically occur within the first week after delivery. Although often considered a mild and self-limiting condition, unresolved baby blues may progress into postpartum depression, leading to adverse consequences for maternal well-being, infant development, and family functioning. This study aimed to analyze factors associated with baby blues syndrome among postpartum mothers at a maternal and child hospital in Makassar, Indonesia. A quantitative analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 50 postpartum mothers selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and structured questionnaires assessing occupational status, husband support, and family support. Data analysis was performed using Fisher’s Exact test with a significance level of 0.05. The findings revealed that 82% of respondents experienced baby blues syndrome. Statistically significant associations were identified between occupational status (p = 0.000), husband support (p = 0.000), and family support (p = 0.000) with the occurrence of baby blues syndrome. In conclusion, occupational and psychosocial factors play a crucial role in the development of baby blues syndrome. Strengthening family-centered support and implementing early psychological screening during the postpartum period are recommended to prevent more severe maternal mental health problems.
Online-Based Dietary Interventions as a Strategy for Overweight and Obesity Management
Background: Wrong One of the current global public health challenges is obesity. This requires preventive efforts considering that obesity not only impacts health problems, but also social and economic problems. For these preventive efforts to be targeted, it is necessary to identify conventional and online obesity management. As time goes by, improving dietary patterns through behavior accompanied by effective online interventions can reduce the burden of disease. This study aims to see the effectiveness of online diets on weight loss. Methods: This study used a Systematic Review method approach to 18 articles selected through an electronic search in the form of Pubmed with keywords in the literature search using Medical subject headings (MeSH) with inclusion criteria: must include BMI measurements, participants in healthy conditions (not under treatment/having a disease) and received online diet intervention. Results: Online diet patterns are proven to reduce weight by 3-5% of the initial body weight or 3-6 kg from the initial body weight, meaning that each participant given online diet intervention is proven effective. Conclusion: weight loss programs through online media have been proven to be effective in reducing body weight if the intervention is given more frequently and for longer, which means that participants who visit the website more frequently to follow instructions on diet patterns and comply with the rules given will have a more significant weight loss rate.
The Effect of Prophet Storytelling Therapy on Anxiety Levels in Preschool Children Treated at Inche Abdoel Moeis Regional Hospital, Samarinda
Hospitalization in preschool children often causes anxiety due to unfamiliar environments, separation from parents, and invasive medical procedures. Unmanaged anxiety may interfere with the healing process and prolong hospitalization. Prophet storytelling therapy is a non-pharmacological intervention that combines distraction and spiritual values ​​to promote comfort and emotional security in children. Methods: This study employed a quantitative pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach. The sample consisted of 16 hospitalized preschool children aged 4–6 years at RSUD Inche Abdoel Moeis Samarinda, selected using purposive sampling. Anxiety levels were measured using the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS) Parent Report before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Results: The findings revealed a significant reduction in anxiety levels following the implementation of prophet storytelling therapy. Prior to the intervention, most respondents experienced severe anxiety, whereas after the intervention, the majority showed mild anxiety levels. Statistical analysis Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test indicated a p-value of 0.002 (p < 0.05), confirming a significant difference in anxiety levels before and after the intervention. Conclusion: Prophet storytelling therapy is effective in reducing anxiety levels among hospitalized preschool children. This therapy can be applied as a spiritual-based non-pharmacological nursing intervention to support atraumatic care in pediatric nursing practice.
Overview of Pregnant Women's Knowledge About Maryam Exercises to Reduce Anxiety at the Watu Public Health Center, Barru District
Maryam Exercises are a prenatal exercise method that combines movements from prayer with basic prenatal exercise techniques. These exercises aim to improve the physical, psychological, emotional, and spiritual well-being of pregnant women. Anxiety during pregnancy is common due to the long duration of pregnancy and the uncertainty of childbirth. This anxiety is often intensified by negative expectations about pregnancy and delivery, especially among primigravida women who lack maternal experience.A preliminary interview with midwives at the Watu Sub-Health Center (Pustu), Barru Regency, on June 25, 2025, revealed that 126 pregnant women had attended antenatal care since January. Midwives reported frequent complaints such as nausea, vomiting, sleep disturbances, and anxiety, with higher levels among primigravida women. These findings emphasize the need for interventions to help reduce maternal anxiety and prepare women for childbirth.This study aimed to examine pregnant women’s knowledge of Maryam Exercises as a non-pharmacological approach to reducing anxiety during pregnancy. A quantitative descriptive design was used with 30 respondents selected through quota sampling based on gestational age, pregnancy status, and frequency of antenatal visits. Data collection employed a structured questionnaire.The results showed that half of the respondents (50%, n=15) demonstrated an adequate level of knowledge about Maryam Exercises, while others showed lower or higher levels. These findings highlight the importance of expanding health education about Maryam Exercises as a strategy to reduce maternal anxiety. Integrating regular counseling and education into antenatal visits is recommended to strengthen maternal knowledge, encourage relaxation, and support physical and mental readiness for pregnancy and childbirth.
The Relationship Between Stigma and Family Support on the Psychosocial Adaptation of HIV/AIDS Patients
HIV/AIDS (Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is a serious illness caused by the HIV virus, which attacks the immune system, leading to high morbidity and mortality. HIV cases in Indonesia reached an estimated 503,201 people in 2024. In addition to biological challenges, people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) face severe psychosocial stress, primarily due to stigma and discrimination within both the family and the wider community. Therefore, the critical aspect of psychosocial adaptation requires a holistic approach, particularly through family support, to reduce stigma and ensure PLWHA receive optimal support. To determine the relationship between stigma and family support on the psychosocial adaptation of HIV/AIDS patients. This study used a quantitative research approach with a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 79 respondents. Sampling was determined using the accidental sampling technique. The data obtained were analyzed using the Spearman's rho correlation test. The results of the Spearman's rho correlation test indicate a relationship between stigma and family support on the psychosocial adaptation of HIV/AIDS patients. A relationship exists between stigma and family support on the psychosocial adaptation of HIV/AIDS patients.
Overview of Foot Care For Diabetes Mellitus Patients in The Work Area Gondangrejo Public Health Center Karanganyar
Foot care is an essential aspect of preventing diabetes mellitus complications, especially diabetic ulcers that can lead to amputation. However, foot care practices among individuals with diabetes mellitus remain low. Objective; to describe foot care practices among individuals with diabetes mellitus in the working area of ​​Gondangrejo public health center, Karanganyar. Method; this study used a descriptive quantitative design. The population consisted of all diabetes mellitus patients enrolled in the prolanis program, totaling 82 people. Samples were selected using an accidental sampling technique, with 45 respondents participating. The research instrument used the Nothingham assessment of functional foot care (NAFF) questionnaire, which has been tested for validity and reliability. Results; Most respondents were over 45 years old, female, had completed elementary school, and were employed. The majority had suffered from diabetes for 1-5 years. Foot care behavior was mostly in the poor category (80%). Conclusion; The majority of diabetes mellitus patients in the Gondangrejo public health center area demonstrated poor foot care practices.
The Correlation Between Antiretroviral (ARV) Adherence and Coping Strategies on the Immune Status of People Living with HIV (PLHIV)
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), remains a significant global health issue, with an estimated 39.9 million people living with HIV (PLHIV) worldwide. HIV damages the immune system, particularly CD4 T cells, making patients susceptible to opportunistic infections. Given this major impact, immune status is a primary focus for PLHIV, where two key factors adherence to Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy and coping strategies play a vital role. ARV adherence is proven to suppress viral replication and restore CD4 cell count, while adaptive coping strategies assist in managing stress that can weaken the immune response. To determine the correlation between ARV adherence and coping strategies on the immune status of people living with HIV (PLHIV). This study used a quantitative research type with a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 64 respondents. Sampling was determined using the Slovin formula technique. The data obtained were analyzed using the Spearman's Rho correlation test. The results of the Spearman's Rho correlation test indicated a correlation between antiretroviral (ARV) adherence and coping strategies on the immune status of people living with HIV (PLHIV). There is a correlation between antiretroviral (ARV) adherence and coping strategies on the immune status of people living with HIV (PLHIV).
Predictors of Self-Efficacy in Therapeutic Communication among Novice Nurses vs. Experienced Nurses: A Study of 100 Nurses at Dr. Sudiran Mangun Sumarso General Hospital
An overview of the object of research to are self-efficacy in therapeutic communication is a crucial competency for nurses to provide patient-centered care and ensure effective interactions during clinical practice. Differences in clinical experience can influence predictors of self-efficacy in therapeutic communication. Research objectives to analyze predictors of self-efficacy in therapeutic communication among novice and experienced nurses at dr. Soediran Mangun Sumarso General Hospital, Wonogiri. Proposed methods is A quantitative analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 nurses selected using stratified proportional random sampling. Data were collected using the Self-Efficacy in Therapeutic Communication for Nurses (SETC-N) questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression. Results: Predictors significantly associated with self-efficacy among novice nurses included work stress (β = −0.312, p < 0.05) and communication training (β = 0.421, p < 0.01). Among experienced nurses, organizational support (β = 0.388, p < 0.01) and empathy (β = 0.274, p < 0.05) were the strongest predictors. The total explained variance was 52.6% for novice nurses and 48.2% for experienced nurses. Conclusion: Predictors of communication self-efficacy differ between novice and experienced nurses. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions based on experience level to strengthen communication competency.
The Relationship Between Anxiety Levels and Adaptive Abilities of New Students at Islamic Boarding Schools
The adaptation process within the Islamic boarding school (pondok pesantren) environment often poses a significant challenge for new students. Factors such as separation from family, academic demands, and strict rules can trigger anxiety. This anxiety potentially hinders the student's ability to adjust and may lead to psychosocial problems. This study aims to analyze and prove the relationship between the level of anxiety and the adaptation ability of new students at Pondok Pesantren Kun Assalam, Semarang. To analyze the relationship between anxiety levels and the adaptability of new students (santri) at Kun Assalam Islamic Boarding School, Semarang. This research employed a correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. The entire population and sample consisted of 80 new students at Pondok Pesantren Kun Assalam, utilizing a total sampling technique. The instruments used were the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS/ZRAS) questionnaire to measure anxiety and an adaptation ability questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using the Spearman's rho correlation test. The majority of respondents were in the 7–12 years age group (75%). Univariate results showed that most students were categorized as not anxious (86.4%), yet 70% of them exhibited poor adaptation ability. The correlation test found a significant negative correlation between the anxiety level and adaptation ability (p-value = 0.000; $\alpha$ < 0.05). The strength of the relationship was moderate (r = -0.506). These findings indicate that the higher the level of anxiety experienced by the students, the lower their adaptation ability.
Timing of Appendectomy and Postoperative Outcomes in Adult Acute Appendicitis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
The optimal timing of appendectomy for acute appendicitis in adults remains debated. Advances in imaging and perioperative care have questioned the necessity of immediate surgery. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated whether moderate, in-hospital delays in appendectomy impact rates of postoperative complications or surgical site infection (SSI). A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science through July 2025 identified randomized trials and cohort studies comparing early (≤6–8 hours) versus delayed (>6–12 hours) appendectomy in adults. Primary outcomes were composite postoperative complications and SSI. Random-effects models were used to pool risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Five studies (over 600,000 adults) were included. Meta-analysis demonstrated no significant difference in composite complications between early and delayed appendectomy (RR 1.07, 95% CI: 0.62–1.85, p=0.81). Similarly, the risk of SSI was not different between groups (RR 1.16, 95% CI: 0.49–2.73, p=0.74). Heterogeneity was moderate for both outcomes. Secondary endpoints, including readmission, mortality, and length of stay, also showed no clinically meaningful differences by surgical timing. Only prolonged delays beyond 24-48 hours were associated with increased risk in select cohorts. For clinically stable adults with acute appendicitis, a short in-hospital delay in appendectomy typically up to 12 or 24 hours does not increase the risk of postoperative complications or surgical site infection. Flexible scheduling is safe when accompanied by prompt diagnosis and antibiotics, while prolonged or unplanned delays should be avoided.
Analysis of Risk Factors in The Incident of Myopia in Students at The Al-Fakhry Hadiwijaya Islamic Boarding School Kajen
In Indonesia, refractive errors are the most common eye disorder, affecting approximately 25% of the population or around 55 million individuals. Students in Islamic boarding schools are particularly vulnerable to myopia due to study habits such as reading while lying down, maintaining a reading distance of less than 30 cm, and using inadequate lighting. This study aims to analyze risk factors associated with myopia among students aged 14–18 years at Al-Fakhry Hadiwijaya Islamic Boarding School, Kajen. The research employed a quantitative observational analytic design using a cross-sectional approach. Total sampling was applied in December 2023, involving students from grades VIII MTs to XII MA who had lived in the boarding school for at least one year. Data were collected using questionnaires, Snellen charts, trial frames, lux meters, and visual inspection with correction. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test, and ethical approval was obtained (No: 098/EC/KEPK-FK/UNIMUS/2023). The study involved 41 eligible respondents, showing that 56.1% experienced myopia while 43.9% did not. The most dominant risk factors identified were poor lighting (73.1%), improper reading position (69.2%), and close reading distance (38.1%). Statistical results indicated significant relationships between room lighting (p=0.004), reading position (p=0.026), and reading distance (p=0.017) with myopia occurrence. Among these factors, inadequate indoor lighting showed the strongest association with myopia incidence among students.
The Relationship Between Family Support and Treatment Adherence Among Patients With Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that requires long-term treatment and high compliance to ensure recovery. Family support is a crucial external factor that can influence patient behavior in completing the treatment regimen. This study aims to determine the relationship between family support and the level of medication adherence in tuberculosis patients at Soepardjo Roestam Regional General Hospital and Welahan 1 Community Health Center. The study used a descriptive analytical design with a cross-sectional approach . Data were collected through a family support questionnaire and the MMAS-8 ( Morisky Medication Adherence Scale ) questionnaire and analyzed using the chi-square test . The results showed that most respondents received good family support and had a high level of medication adherence. The results of the bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between family support and medication adherence. The conclusion of this study is that optimal family support significantly increases medication adherence in tuberculosis patients, which is very important to prevent therapy failure and drug resistance.
The Relationship between Glycemic Control and Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
People with diabetes mellitus are prone to various complications, uncontrolled blood sugar increases the risk of peripheral neuropathy. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between blood sugar control and peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study employed a quantitative, non-experimental design with a correlational approach. Data were collected using monofilament examinations and a review of medical records. The study involved 104 participants recruited via purposive sampling. Subsequently, data analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test to determine statistical significance. The results of the univariate analysis mostly had characteristics of late elderly at 32,7%, housewife occcupation at 35,6%, BMI indicating overweight at 47,1%, stage 1 hypertension with systolic blood pressure at 35,6%, and stage 2 hypertension with diastholic blood pressure at 31,7%. Uncontrolled blood glucose was 73%, and peripheral neuropathy was 81%. Bivariate analysis yielded a p-value of 0.001 (p < 0.05), indicating a statistically significant relationship between blood sugar control and peripheral neuropathy in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence among Patients with HIV/AIDS
The success of Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy is highly dependent on patients’ discipline in taking medication consistently. Various factors, including self-efficacy, are believed to influence the patient’s ability to maintain treatment routines. Poor adherence can reduce therapeutic effectiveness and increase the risk of treatment failure. This study aims to identify the relationship between self-efficacy with ARV therapy adherence among HIV/AIDS patients. This study employed a cross-sectional design involving 64 respondents at RSMD Soepardjo Roestam Semarang. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed with the Chi-Square test. Most respondents had low self-efficacy (51,6%), and low ARV therapy adherence (54,7%). Moderate adherence was found in 25% of respondents, while high adherence was found in 20,3%. Statistical analysis showed no significant relationship between ARV adherence (p = 0,291), nor between self-efficacy and adherence (p = 0,566). Other external factors are presumed to influence patients’ adherence levels. and self-efficacy were not significantly associated with ARV therapy adherence among HIV/AIDS patients.
Overview of Daily Living Activities in Patients with Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that causes cartilage damage, pain, stiffness, and decreased joint function, which can impair patients’ ability to perform Activities of Daily Living (ADL). Limitations in ADL reduce independence and quality of life, particularly among elderly patients. This study aimed to describe the level of ADL independence in patients with osteoarthritis at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital, Semarang. A categorical descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted involving 98 respondents selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a modified Barthel Index and analyzed descriptively to determine the distribution of dependency levels. The findings showed that most patients experienced mild dependency, followed by moderate dependency, while only a small proportion were fully independent. The activities most frequently affected were mobility, walking, and stair climbing. These results indicate that osteoarthritis significantly affects functional ability in daily activities. The findings are expected to provide evidence-based information for nursing practice, particularly in planning rehabilitative and supportive interventions aimed at improving functional independence and quality of life in patients with osteoarthritis.
The Relationship Between Quality of Life and Psychological Well-Being Among Breast Cancer Patients at RSUD K.R.M.T Wongsonegoro Semarang
Breast cancer is the growth of new tissue as a result of the proliferation (excessive growth) of abnormal cells that can attack and damage other tissues causing the growth of new tissue. Breast cancer is also included in the deadly diseases and suffered by most women. Breast cancer treatment has negative side effects in the form of physical impacts such as nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and psychological impacts such as anxiety, stress, and depression. This study is to determine the relationship between quality of life and psychological well-being in breast cancer patients. This study uses a quantitative method with 47 respondents and the criteria are able to communicate verbally, have composmentis awareness and are cooperative and willing to sign informed consent. All analyses use Spearman Rank. With ethical number 068 / Kom.EtikRSWN / VI / 2025. The results show that. According to the results of the Spearman rank statistical test, it shows a significant relationship of 0.000 <0.05 and a coefficient of +0.718, which indicates a positive relationship with strong strength. The better the quality of life received by breast cancer patients, the higher their psychological well-being.
The Relationship between Fatigue and Sleep Quality in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is a chronic cardiovascular condition characterized by the heart’s inability to pump sufficient blood to meet the body’s metabolic demands, leading to various physical and functional disturbances. Among the most frequently reported symptoms in patients with CHF are fatigue and impaired sleep quality, both of which may negatively affect daily functioning and quality of life. This study aimed to examine the relationship between fatigue and sleep quality in patients with Congestive Heart Failure. A quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital, Semarang, from September to November 2025. A total of 163 patients with CHF were recruited using a sampling technique based on the Isaac and Michael formula. Data were collected using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) to measure fatigue levels and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess sleep quality, supported by medical record data. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that most respondents were male (52.8%), aged 56–65 years (25.1%), and had been diagnosed with CHF for approximately two years (33.1%). More than half of the patients experienced high levels of fatigue (54.6%), while the majority reported poor sleep quality (71.2%). The Chi-Square test revealed a statistically significant relationship between fatigue and sleep quality in patients with CHF (p = 0.001; p < 0.05). This study concluded that low and high fatigue affect sleep quality in CHF patients. The study highlights the importance of comprehensive nursing care that includes early assessment and management of fatigue and sleep disturbances to improve patient well-being and support optimal clinical outcomes.
Fatigue Characteristics in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Ulcer Complications
Introduction: Fatigue is a common complaint in individuals with type 2 DM accompanied by diabetic ulcers due to metabolic disorders, chronic pain, and limited activity. This condition can last for a long time and have an impact on the patient's physical and psychological function. This study aims to describe the characteristics of Fatigue in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who experience complications of diabetic ulcers. Methodology: This study used an analytical descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach, involving 133 respondents as a sample obtained through purposive sampling techniques. The research instrument used Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20 (MFI-20). Data analysis was carried out descriptively using frequency distribution and descriptive statistics. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 57.64 years (95% CI 56.63–58.65). Most of the respondents were female (55.6%), had diabetes for more than 5.56 years, had a junior high school education level (31.6 %), and the majority of the job types did not work (27.8%). As many as 72.9% of respondents experienced Fatigue . Discussion: The characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with diabetic ulcers who experience Fatigue show variations based on age, sex, education level, type of occupation, and length of illness. The condition of diabetic ulcers contributes to increased Fatigue through limited mobility, pain, and psychological stress.
The Effect of Combined Cutaneous Stimulation (Massage) and Lavender Aromatherapy on Sleep Quality in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease often accompanied by sleep disturbances, which can worsen the patient's physiological and psychological conditions. Non-pharmacological interventions such as cutaneous stimulation and lavender aromatherapy are known to increase relaxation and improve sleep quality. This study aims to determine the effect of a combination of cutaneous stimulation and lavender aromatherapy on the sleep quality of DM patients. This study used a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach in 38 outpatient DM patients selected using a purposive sampling technique. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The intervention was administered for seven consecutive days. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. The results showed that before the intervention, most respondents had poor sleep quality (97.4%), whereas after the intervention, the majority of respondents experienced an improvement in sleep quality to good (81.6%). The Wilcoxon test results showed a p value = 0.001 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference between PSQI scores before and after the intervention. Thus, the combination of cutaneous stimulation and lavender aromatherapy has been proven effective in improving the sleep quality of Diabetes Mellitus patients.
The Relationship between Nutritional Adequacy and Physical Activity with the Menstrual Cycle in Adolescents
Menstrual cycle disorders are still common in adolescent girls and can be influenced by various factors, including nutritional adequacy and physical activity. During adolescence, an imbalanced nutritional intake and inadequate physical activity can disrupt reproductive hormone regulation, potentially leading to menstrual irregularities. This study aims to determine the relationship between nutritional adequacy and physical activity and menstrual cycle disorders in adolescent girls. This study used a cross-sectional design involving 78 female adolescents aged 15–19 at SMKN 52 Jakarta, selected using a simple random sampling technique. Nutritional adequacy was assessed through a 24-hour food recall and classified based on the percentage of the Recommended Intake (RDA). Physical activity was assessed using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A). Menstrual cycle disorders were determined based on the average length of menstrual cycles over the past three months. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square test with a p-value <0.05. Most respondents had adequate nutritional intake (53.8%), while the majority demonstrated low levels of physical activity (57.7%). Abnormal menstrual cycles were reported by 56.4% of respondents. Bivariate analysis showed significant associations between nutritional adequacy and menstrual cycle patterns (p = 0.009), as well as between physical activity and menstrual cycle patterns (p = 0.001). In conclusion, nutritional adequacy and physical activity are associated with menstrual cycle among adolescent girls. Therefore, adequate nutritional intake and balanced physical activity should be considered important factors in maintaining regular menstrual cycles in adolescents.
The Relationship between Physical Activity and Quality of Life in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Background: Maintaining long-term regular physical activity is crucial for several weeks. Unfortunately, only 10% of patients benefit from cardiac rehabilitation programs after hospitalization for acute heart failure, and the majority of patients do not pursue long-term physical activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between physical activity and quality of life in CHF patients at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital, Semarang. Method: This study was a quantitative study using a cross-sectional design. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire. A total of 108 respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using the chi-square test. Result: Based on the analysis, it was found that of the 108 respondents, the average age was 55 years, the average diagnosed with CHF for 3 years, with the characteristics of the majority of male gender, namely 66.7%, the last education was high school level as much as 56.6%, and the majority worked as private employees as much as 47.2%. The results also showed that 65.7% of respondents had moderate activity, 27.8% had light activity and 6.5% had heavy activity. A total of 61.1% of respondents had a good quality of life, 31.5% had a moderate quality of life, and 7.4% had a poor quality of life. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between physical activity and quality of life (p-value <0.05).
Secondary Metabolite Identification and Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Coconut Husk (Cocos nucifera L.) Against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922
Secondary metabolites are bioactive compounds commonly found in plants and have potential as natural antibacterial agents. Coconut coir (Cocos nucifera Linnaeus), an abundant agricultural by-product, is known to contain various secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds, which have been reported to possess antibacterial properties. Escherichia coli is a pathogenic bacterium that frequently causes human infections and has shown increasing resistance to several antibiotics, highlighting the need for alternative antibacterial sources. Inconsistencies in previous studies regarding the antibacterial activity of coconut coir against E. coli indicate the necessity for further investigation. This study aimed to identify the secondary metabolite content and evaluate the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of coconut coir against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. This study was an in vitro laboratory experimental study with a descriptive–experimental approach. Identification of secondary metabolites was conducted qualitatively using phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract of coconut coir. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the disc diffusion method with a post-test only control group design against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. The phytochemical screening results demonstrated that the ethanol extract of coconut coir contained flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and polyphenols. However, the antibacterial activity test showed no inhibition zones at all tested concentrations of the ethanol extract against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. These findings indicate that although the ethanol extract of coconut coir contains several secondary metabolites, it does not exhibit antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 when tested using the disc diffusion method.
Nimas Prita Rahajeningtyas Kusuma Wardani