Pengaruh Bargaining Power Perempuan terhadap Partisipasi Kerja Perempuan Menikah di Provinsi Bali
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55606/jebaku.v6i1.6601Keywords:
Education, Household Decision Making, Married Women's Work Participation, Ordered Logit, Women's Bargaining PowerAbstract
The majority of married women are still concentrated in the informal sector, indicating limited employment options. The province of Bali places married women with significant customary and domestic responsibilities. The fact that there are differences in labor participation patterns based on education level raises the suspicion that education not only plays a role in human capital but also as a resource that strengthens women's bargaining power in the negotiation process of household decision-making amidst the strong role of customary and domestic roles that often place women in a weak bargaining position. Using data from the 2023 National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas), this study aims to analyze women's bargaining power, as measured by the wife's education, on the labor participation of married women in Bali Province, with control variables of husband's education, age, number of children, and area of residence. An ordered logit analysis shows that women's education as a measure of bargaining power significantly influences married women's labor participation, with women with higher levels of education having a greater tendency to work in the formal sector. This finding confirms that married women's labor participation is a result of the negotiation process within the household. Therefore, women's employment policies need to consider strengthening women's bargaining power, particularly through increasing access to education.
Downloads
References
Afoakwah, C., Deng, X., & Onur, I. (2018). Women's Bargaining Power and Children's Schooling Outcomes: Evidence from Ghana.
Agresti, Alan. (2010). Analysis of Ordinal Categorical Data (Second Edition). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470594001
Anggaraini, N. K. W., & Setyari, N. P. W. (2020). The Impact of Working Mothers' Bargaining Power on Their Children's Human Capital in Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi & Studi Pembangunan, 21(2), 236-248. https://doi.org/10.18196/jesp.21.2.5044
Astutiningsih, S., Budiani, S. R., Giyarsih, S. R., & Marwasta, D. (2024). Partisipasi Kerja Perempuan dalam Sektor Informal di Kawasan Pinggiran Kota Yogyakarta (Studi Kasus Dusun Tambakbayan, Kabupaten Sleman, DI Yogyakarta). Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora, 13(1), 83-92. https://doi.org/10.23887/jish.v13i1.72652
Cameron, C. D., Hutcherson, C. A., Ferguson, A. M., Scheffer, J. A., Hadjiandreou, E., & Inzlicht, M. (2019). Empathy is hard work: People choose to avoid empathy because of its cognitive costs. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 148(6), 962-976. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000595
Cameron, L., Contreras Suárez, D., & Rowell, W. (2018). Working Paper Series Female Labour Force Participation in Indonesia: Why Has It Stalled (11; 18). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3296072
Cameron, L., Contreras Suarez, D., & Setyonaluri, D. (2024). Leveraging Women's Views to Influence Gender Norms around Women Working Evidence from an Online Intervention in Indonesia (10681). https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-10681
Darmayoga, I. K. A. (2021). Perempuan Dan Budaya Patriarki Dalam Tradisi, Keagamaan Di Bali (Studi Kasus Posisi Superordinat dan Subordinat Laki-Laki dan Perempuan). Danapati, 1(2), 139-152.
David W. Hosmer, Jr., Stanley Lemeshow, & Rodney X. Sturdivant. (2013). Applied logistic regression (Third Edition). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118548387
Epinda, B. A., Ansofino, & Sari, P. M. (2021). Pengaruh Tingkat Pendidikan, Umur, Jumlah Tanggungan Keluarga, Pendapatan Suami, dan Motivasi Terhadap Keputusan Wanita Untuk Bekerja di Kecamatan Koto Salak Kabupaten Dharmasraya. Jurnal Horizon Pendidikan, 1(2), 263-272. https://doi.org/10.22202/horizon.v1i2.4749
Fransiska, K., Oktarina, K., & Komalasari, Y. (2022). Triple Roles Perempuan Bali: Ancaman atau Proteksi (Dalam Perspektif Ketahanan Keluarga). Prosiding Sintensa, 5, 353-360.
Frempong, R. B., & Stadelmann, D. (2024). Exploring Education-Induced Bargaining Power of Women on Household Welfare in Sub-Saharan Africa. Economies, 12(11), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12110293
Friedberg, L., & Webb, A. (2006). Determinants and Consequences of Bargaining Power in Households (12367). https://doi.org/10.3386/w12367
Goldin, C., & Mitchell, J. (2017). The New Life Cycle of Women's Employment: Disappearing Humps, Sagging Middles, Expanding Tops. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 31(1), 161-182. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.31.1.161
Jia, L., Lei, W., & Antonides, G. (2025). Women's Bargaining Power and Household Stock Investment. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 46, 1117-1133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-025-10061-9
Khasanah, U., & Firmansyah. (2024). Economics Development Analysis Journal Labor Supply Analysis: Case Study of Married Women Workers. Economics Development Analysis Journal, 13(2), 151-167. https://doi.org/10.15294/edaj.v13i2.78969
Kulkarni, S., Frongillo, E. A., Cunningham, K., Moore, S., & Blake, C. E. (2020). Women's bargaining power and child feeding in Nepal: Linkages through nutrition information. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 16(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12883
Liu, S., & Marois, G. (2024). The effect of Motherhood on the Labour Force Participation of Married Women in China. Asian Population Studies, 20(1), 104-120. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2023.2193518
Mabilo, M., & Gouws, A. (2018). Women In The Informal Economy: Precarious Labour In South Africa. https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Mano, Y., & Yamamura, E. (2011). Effects of Husband's Education and Family Structure on Labor Force Participation and Married Japanese Women's Earnings. Japanese Economy, 38(3), 71-91. https://doi.org/10.2753/JES1097-203X380303
Nur Azlin Syafika, & Joan Marta. (2025). Pengaruh Pendidikan Terhadap Partisipasi Wanita Bekerja di Indonesia. Media Riset Ekonomi Pembangunan (MedREP), 2(1), 147-157.
OECD, & ILO. (2019). Tackling Vulnerability in the Informal Economy. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/939b7bcd-en
Pangaribowo, E. H., Tsegai, D., & Sukamdi. (2019). Women's Bargaining Power and Household Expenditure in Indonesia: the Role of Gender-Differentiated Assets and Social Capital. GeoJournal, 84(4), 939-960. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-018-9901-4
Peng, Z., & Wu, L. (2022). Will Narrowing the Educational Gap Between Husband and Wife Alleviate Housework Inequality: Evidence from China. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1008210
Quisumbing, A. R. (2003). Household Decisions, Gender, and Development: A Synthesis of Recent Research. International Food Policy Research Institute.
Quisumbing, A. R. (2006). Food Security in Practice: Using Gender Research in Development. www.cgiar.org
Quisumbing, A. R., & Maluccio, J. (1999). Intrahousehold Allocation and Gender Relations: New Empirical Evidence (2).
Ramadhani, R., Sari, C. K., & Faizah, N. (2025). Pendidikan untuk Perempuan: Kesetaraan Gender. Jurnal Sadewa: Publikasi Ilmu Pendidikan, Pembelajaran Dan Ilmu Sosial, 3(2), 292-298. https://doi.org/10.61132/sadewa.v3i2.1830
Rhahim, R. O. V., Sari, L., & Utami, B. C. (2023). Pengaruh Tingkat Pendidikan, Usia Dan Tingkat Pendapatan Suami Terhadap Partisipasi Kerja Perempuan Menikah Pada Sektor Industri Pengolahan Di Kabupaten Pelalawan. Journal of Social and Policy Issues, 3(4), 221-226. https://doi.org/10.58835/jspi.v3i4.249
Rosaldo, M. (2021). Problematizing The "Informal Sector": 50 Years of Critique, Clarification, Qualification, and More Critique. Sociology Compass, 15(9). https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12914
Setiawati, N. P. M., Anandari, I. G. A. A. A., & Sukadana, I. W. (2025). Apakah Menikah Menyebabkan Partisipasi Kerja Perempuan di Bali Lebih Banyak Terlibat dalam Sektor Informal? Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Dan Kewirausahaan, 4(3), 602-615. https://doi.org/10.55606/jimak.v4i3.4954
Setyonaluri, D., Nasution, G., Ayunisa, F., Kharistiyanti, A., & Sulistya, F. (2021). Social Norms and Women's Economic Participation in Indonesia.
Sharma, M., & Kota, H. B. (2019). The Role of Working Women in Investment Decision Making in the Family in India. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal, 13(3), 91-110. https://doi.org/10.14453/aabfj.v13i3.6 https://doi.org/10.14453/aabfj.v13i3.6
Sulistriyani, F. (2015). Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Partisipasi Kerja Perempuan Nikah di Kota Pekanbaru. Jom FEKON, 2(2), 1-12.
Umar, Z. H., Riyanta, S., & Reza Rustam, M. (2024). "Sorry, We Rejected Your Application": A Study on the Age Limit of Job Seekers in Indonesia from a Human Rights Perspective. International Journal of Multidiciplinary Research and Analysis, 7(10), 4753-4760. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v7-i10-21
Wang, K., Zhang, G., Yu, M., Gao, Y., & Shi, Y. (2022). Number of Children and Female Labor Participation in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148641
Wang, Z., & Ou, D. (2024). Returns to Women's Education Within Marriage: Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity Design Study in China. Review of Economics of the Household. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-024-09747-0 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-024-09747-0
Widhiyana, M. (2024). Pengaruh Budaya Patriarki Terhadap Kesetaraan Gender Dalam Keluarga Hindu di Bali. Belom Bahadat: Jurnal Hukum Agama Hindu, 14(1), 83-97. https://doi.org/10.33363/bb.v14i1.1179
Wijayanto, A. Y., & Sari, Dyah Wulan. (2019). Economics Development Analysis Journal Analysis of Decision to Work of Female Workers in Indonesia Article Information. Economics Development Analysis Journal, 8(3), 290-300. https://doi.org/10.15294/edaj.v8i3.29529
Yolanda, T. F., & Harahap, I. (2024). Peran Perempuan dalam Usaha Peningkatan Ekonomi Rumah Tangga. Jurnal Penelitian Ilmiah Multidisiplin, 8(3), 194-203.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Ekonomi Bisnis dan Akuntansi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
