Risiko Penggunaan Kecerdasan Buatan (AI) dalam Tugas Perkuliahan: Studi Kualitatif Mahasiswa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55606/jutiti.v4i3.6307Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, Learning Process, Risk Management, Risks of Artificial Intelligence, Student RisksAbstract
The use of AI has become widespread among university students as a tool to improve the efficiency and quality of their studies. While AI aims to support the education system and enhance the learning process, its use, while providing benefits, is also perceived to pose risks. This article aims to uncover the use of AI and its associated risks by exploring perceptions from a student perspective. Qualitative methods were used with 53 student respondents, asking open-ended questions regarding AI use, their concerns, and the associated risks. Findings indicate that AI is primarily used to search for information and references, assist with completing coursework, and support independent learning. The concerns and risks identified by students include over-reliance, decreased critical and creative thinking skills, and ethical and data security issues. These findings suggest that AI must be used wisely for educational purposes, addressing these risks. Educational policies related to AI use must be improved and strengthened to maximize AI's benefits, aiming to support ethical and integrated education.
Downloads
References
Abdulhajar, E., Wahyusari, A., Nevrita, N., Irawan, D., Zaitun, Z., Sartika, D., & Hasyim, T. (2024). Students' Acceptance of ChatGPT Technology: A Study of Its Positive and Negative Impacts on Academic Ethics and Learning Performance. SHS Web of Conferences, 205, 7003. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202420507003
Abd Rahman, A. B., Rodzi, Z. M., Razali, I. N. B., Mohamad, W. N., Nazri, I. S. B. M., & Al-Sharqi, F. (2023). Breaking the illusion: The reality of Artificial Intelligence's (AI) negative influence on university students. 2023 4th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Data Sciences (AiDAS), 194–199.
Agunawan, A., Abdullah, M. A., Vega, N., Rahmadani, R., SS, W. I., & Azkar, A. (2024). Analisis ketergantungan penggunaan Chat GPT di kalangan mahasiswa menyebabkan penurunan kualitas belajar. Smartlock: Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi, 3(1), 6–10.
Amalia, P., Majid, H. A., & Sahrah, I. A. (2024). Peran teknologi AI dalam pengembangan kemampuan berpikir kritis mahasiswa. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Fakultas Tarbiyah Dan Ilmu Keguruan IAIM Sinjai, 3, 26–31. https://doi.org/10.47435/sentikjar.v3i0.3134
Andini, M., Rose, F. D., Lewis, J., Rizkilmy, J. R., & Sinurat, D. R. (2024). Analisis Pengaruh AI: Perubahan Tingkat Kemalasan Mahasiswa di Kota Batam. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Komputer Fakultas Ilmu Komputer Universitas Al Asyariah Mandar, 10(2), 95–103.
Andriyani, W., Natsir, F., Asri, Y. N., Hidayat, M. S., Yati, Y., Afandi, I. R., Diningrat, M. S. M., Rahmatulloh, A., Akbari, F., & Wahyuningtyas, I. (2024). Ai Generatif Dan Mutu Pendidikan. Penerbit Widina.
Arfansyah, M. N. (2024, Mei 22). Dampak Positif dan Negatif Artificial Intelligence (AI) dalam Dunia Pendidikan. Kumparan.Com. https://kumparan.com/muhamad-nabil-arfansyah/dampak-positif-dan-negatif-artificial-intelligence-ai-dalam-dunia-pendidikan-23XiO2sbQ8x/3
Azizah, A. P., Heriani, N., Salsabila, V. A., Rifki, A., Milandani, F. I., & Lestari, A. F. (2024). Dampak AI Yang Mempengaruhi Psikologis Mahasiswa. ARUNIKA: Bunga Rampai Ilmu Komunikasi, 46–56. https://doi.org/10.36782/arunika.v3i01.418
Basha, J. Y. (2024). The negative impacts of AI tools on students in academic and real-life performance. International Journal of Social Sciences and Commerce, 1(3), 1–16.
Bastani, H., Bastani, O., Sungu, A., Ge, H., Kabakcı, Ö., & Mariman, R. (2024). Generative AI can harm learning. The Wharton School Research Paper. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4895486
Bostrom, N., & Yudkowsky, E. (2018). The ethics of artificial intelligence. In Artificial intelligence safety and security (pp. 57–69). Chapman and Hall/CRC. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351251389-4
Chan, C. K. Y., & Hu, W. (2023). Students' voices on generative AI: Perceptions, benefits, and challenges in higher education. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-023-00411-8
Cheatham, B., Javanmardian, K., & Samandari, H. (2019). Confronting the risks of artificial intelligence. McKinsey Quarterly, 2(38), 1–9.
Chen, J. J., & Lin, J. C. (2024). Artificial intelligence as a double-edged sword: Wielding the POWER principles to maximize its positive effects and minimize its negative effects. Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood, 25(1), 146–153. https://doi.org/10.1177/14639491231169813
Cheng, X., Lin, X., Shen, X.-L., Zarifis, A., & Mou, J. (2022). The dark sides of AI. Electronic Markets, 32(1), 11–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-022-00531-5
Farrokhnia, M., Banihashem, S. K., Noroozi, O., & Wals, A. (2024). A SWOT analysis of ChatGPT: Implications for educational practice and research. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 61(3), 460–474. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2023.2195846
Fauzi, A. F., Jasman, J. A. S., & Salsabillah, A. N. M. (2024). Balancing the Positive and Negative Impacts of AI in Education Through a Capacity Development-Centered Approach. World Conference on Governance and Social Sciences, 2, 93–97.
Floridi, L., Cowls, J., Beltrametti, M., Chatila, R., Chazerand, P., Dignum, V., Luetge, C., Madelin, R., Pagallo, U., & Rossi, F. (2018). AI4People-An ethical framework for a good AI society: Opportunities, risks, principles, and recommendations. Minds and Machines, 28(4), 689–707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-018-9482-5
Hartanto, A. Y., & Rohmah, F. N. (2024, Januari 25). Makin Marak Siswa Pakai AI untuk Mengerjakan Tugas. Tirto.Id. https://tirto.id/penggunaan-ai-di-dunia-pendidikan-makin-marak-dan-merata-gZax
Hendriyanti, M. R. (2023, Mei 10). Peneliti: ChatGPT OpenAI Lebih Banyak Digunakan Oleh Remaja. Liputan6.Com. https://www.dw.com/id/ai-di-ranah-akademik-inovasi-belajar-atau-ancaman-intelektual/a-74563272#:~:text=Menurut%20Global%20Student%20Survey%202025,proses%20pembelajaran%20mereka%20di%20kampus.
Ibad, M. I., Yazid, S. R., & Farhan, N. (2024). Literature Review: Pengaruh Penggunaan AI Terhadap Pengerjaan Tugas Mahasiswa. INNOVATIVE: Journal of Social Science Research, 4(6), 5105–5118.
Kasneci, E., Sessler, K., Küchemann, S., Bannert, M., Dementieva, D., Fischer, F., Gasser, U., Groh, G., Günnemann, S., Hüllermeier, E., Krusche, S., Kutyniok, G., Michaeli, T., Nerdel, C., Pfeffer, J., Poquet, O., Sailer, M., Schmidt, A., Seidel, T., & Kasneci, G. (2023). ChatGPT for good? On opportunities and challenges of large language models for education. Learning and Individual Differences, 103, 102274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2023.102274
Ma'wa, P. J. (2024). Dampak penggunaan teknologi artificial intelligence pada kegiatan pembelajaran mahasiswa. Jurnal Multidisipliner Kapalamada, 3(03), 45–50.
Marlin, K., Tantrisna, E., Mardikawati, B., Anggraini, R., & Susilawati, E. (2023). Manfaat dan Tantangan Penggunaan Artificial Intelligences (AI) Chat GPT Terhadap Proses Pendidikan Etika dan Kompetensi Mahasiswa Di Perguruan Tinggi. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 3(6), 5192–5201.
Novelli, C., Casolari, F., Rotolo, A., Taddeo, M., & Floridi, L. (2024). Taking AI risks seriously: a new assessment model for the AI Act. Ai & Society, 39(5), 2493–2497. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-023-01723-z
Okulich-Kazarin, V., Artyukhov, A., Skowron, Ł., Artyukhova, N., & Wołowiec, T. (2024). Will AI become a threat to higher education sustainability? A study of students' views. Sustainability, 16(11), 4596. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114596
Putri, V. A., Sotyawardani, K. C. A., & Rafael, R. A. (2023). Peran artificial intelligence dalam proses pembelajaran mahasiswa di Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Ilmu Ilmu Sosial (SNIIS), 2, 615–630.
Qadir, J. (2023). Engineering education in the era of ChatGPT: Promise and pitfalls of generative AI for education. 2023 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1109/EDUCON54358.2023.10125121
Rasyid, N. A. (2024, April 18). 10 Negara Pengguna AI Terbanyak, Indonesia Salah Satunya. GoodStats. https://data.goodstats.id/statistic/10-negara-pengguna-ai-terbanyak-indonesia-salah-satunya-RLlmC#google_vignette
Rodzi, Z. M., Mohamad, W. N., Al-Sharqi, F., Al-Quran, A., & Alorsan Bany Awad, A. M. (2024). Unraveling the Complexity: A DEMATEL Analysis of the Negative Impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Adoption among Students in Higher Education. Journal of Intelligent Systems & Internet of Things, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.54216/JISIoT.110203
Syaifulloh, A. (2024). Proses pengambilan keputusan mahasiswa dalam menggunakan artificial intelligence (AI) untuk tugas akademik di perguruan tinggi [Tesis master, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim].
Vinuesa, R., Azizpour, H., Leite, I., Balaam, M., Dignum, V., Domisch, S., Felländer, A., Langhans, S. D., Tegmark, M., & Fuso Nerini, F. (2020). The role of artificial intelligence in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Nature Communications, 11(1), 233. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-14108-y
Wirtz, B. W., Weyerer, J. C., & Geyer, C. (2019). Artificial intelligence and the public sector-applications and challenges. International Journal of Public Administration, 42(7), 596–615. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2018.1498103
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Teknik Informatika dan Teknologi Informasi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
